Seismic reflection

Applications:

Geological:

- Detection of natural cavities and fissure.
- Subsidence mapping.
- Mapping sand body geometry.
- Mapping of superficial deposit.
- Soil stratigraphy mapping.
- Glacial geological investigation.
- Mineral exploration and resource evaluation.
- Peat thickness mapping and resource   evaluation.
- Permafrost investigation.
- Location of ice wedges.
- Fracture mapping in rock salt.
- Location of faults, dykes, coal seams, etc.
- Geological structure mapping.
- Lake and riverbed sediment mapping.

Environmental:

- Contaminant plume mapping.
- Mapping and monitoring pollutants within   groundwater.
- Landfill investigation.
- Location of buried fuel tanks and oil drums.
- Location of gas leaks.
- Groundwater investigation.

Glaciological:

- Ice thickness mapping.
- Determination of internal glacier structures.
- Ice movements studies.
- Detection of concealed surface and basal   glacier crevasses.
- Mapping water conduits within glaciers.
- Determination of thickness and type of sea   and lake ice.
- Sub-glacial mass balance determination.
- Snow stratigraphy mapping.

Engineering and construction:

- Road pavement analysis.
- Void detection.
- Location of reinforcement (bars) in concrete.
- Location of public utilities (pipes, cables,   etc.).
- Testing integrity of building materials.
- Concrete testing.

Archaeology:

- Location of buried structures.
- Detection and mapping of Roman Roads,   etc.
- Location of post-holes, etc.
- Pre-excavation mapping.
- Detection of voids (crypts, etc.).
- Location of graves.

Forensic science:

- Location of buried targets (e.g. bodies, underground passage, etc.).

Pipes detection: Mapping of geometry and depth pipes into a gasoline station.

Location of bars in reinforced concrete: reconstruction of geometry bars into a reinforced concrete pavement in order to a standard seismic codes.

Road pavement analysis: control of pavement condition of landing strip/runway.

Buried targets: Archaeological survey in order to locate and mapping buried structures.